Review article published on 3D artificial spin ice
In this publication, we explore the progress in research on three-dimensional artificial spin ice, emphasizing the primary methods for fabricating and characterizing these structures. Additionally, we highlight emerging frontiers in the field, including advancements in creating 3D model systems and promising applications in areas like sensing and computing.
Artificial spin ices are of arrays of coupled single-domain nanomagnets. They have primarily been studied in two dimensions, revealing phenomena like vertex frustration, emergent magnetic monopoles, and phase transitions. Recent advances in fabricating and characterizing three-dimensional mesoscopic magnetic systems—featuring elements tens to hundreds of nanometers in size—enable the exploration of 3D artificial spin ice. These structures offer new opportunities to exploit dipolar and other interactions inaccessible in planar systems, paving the way for novel magnetic states and cooperative phenomena with no natural analogs. Our publication highlights the progress in creating and measuring 3D artificial spin ice, along with potential applications in sensing, computing, and beyond.
Focus on three-dimensional artificial spin ice
L. Berchialla, G. M. Macauley, L. J. Heyderman
external page Applied Physics Letters, 125, 220501 (2024)